In the critical first moments of a fire in a high-rise building, knowing the correct course of action can save lives. Here is an essential guide for anyone who lives, works in, or visits a tall building.
Immediate Actions During a Fire
The first decision is whether to evacuate or shelter in place.
- If Evacuation is Possible: Use the nearest stairwell to exit the building. People on the floor where the fire started, as well as the floors directly above and below, should be the first to leave. If a full evacuation isn’t feasible, move down several floors to a safer location.
- If You Cannot Evacuate: If your escape route is blocked by smoke or flames, find a room and shelter inside. Close the door and use wet towels or tape to seal the cracks around the door and any vents to prevent smoke from entering. Immediately call emergency services and provide your exact location, including the floor and room number.
Common and Dangerous Mistakes
According to Dana Kamal, an expert with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), some common instincts can be deadly.
- Do Not Break Windows: “One frequent mistake is breaking windows to let in fresh air,” Kamal warned. “It may seem helpful, but it can actually worsen the situation by allowing smoke to flood in.”
- Avoid the Rooftop: Hoping for a helicopter rescue is another dangerous misconception often seen in movies. “The intense heat from a fire generates strong thermal currents that can destabilise helicopters, making it difficult for pilots to maintain control,” Kamal explained, adding that it puts both occupants and rescuers at serious risk.
Preparation and Recommendations
Proactive planning is the most effective safety tool.
- Know Your Building: Familiarise yourself with your building’s emergency action plan. “Take time to identify all available exits and stairwells in the building so that if one route is blocked, you know an alternative way to safety,” said Kamal.
- Participate in Drills: Fire drills should be conducted at least once a year. Your participation ensures you know exactly what to do in a real emergency.
- Check for Safety Features: Whenever possible, choose to live or work in buildings with sprinkler systems, as they help suppress fires quickly. Also, find out if your building has special evacuation elevators designed for use during a fire.
“Preparation is vital during an emergency,” Kamal concluded.
